The Course of Industrial Development Influencing Smallholder Farmers’ Peace in the Face of Structural and Cultural Violence: The Case of Lume District, Oromia, Ethiopia

Authors

  • Fikadu Belda Institute of Peace and Development Studies, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
  • Gutema Imana Keno Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
  • Abebe Lemessa Department of Afaan Oromoo, Literature and Communication, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
  • Zerihun Doda Department of Social Protection Management, College of Finance, Economics and Development Management, Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63315/jrcd.v20i2.2554

Abstract

This study aimed to uncover the structural and cultural violence that happens in the course of industrial development and affects farmers’ peace in Lume District, EastShawa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The case study design and primary data were used in this investigation. Data were gathered through in-depth and key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and desk reviews and then thematically
analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that in the course of industrial development, smallholder farmers were exposed to structural and cultural violence due to inbuilt little concern given for the rights, security, and economic survival of the farmers hosting the industry sector. The course of industrial development in Ethiopia, in general, and in Lume District in particular, defies what development as a concept entails and follows an exclusionary and destructive approach when it comes to the overall well-being of smallholder farmers. Development being used as a pretext for exploitation stands against what development is supposed to bring economically to the farmers, ultimately exposing them to violent conflict. To address the security issues facing the farming community, it is necessary to reexamine the structural and cultural violence ingrained in the unjust course of  industrial development that violates smallholder farmers' fundamental human, economic, civil, environmental, and security rights. 

Keywords: Industrial development; smallholder farmers; structural and cultural violence; peace

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L'influence du développement industriel sur la paix des petits exploitants agricoles face à la violence
structurelle et culturelle : le cas du district de Lume, Oromia, Éthiopie

Résumé
Cette étude vise à mettre en évidence la violence structurelle et culturelle qui se produit au cours du développement industriel et qui affecte la paix des agriculteurs dans le district de Lume, zone East Shawa, à Oromia, en Éthiopie. L'enquête a été menée sur la base d'une étude de cas et de données primaires. Les données ont été recueillies au moyen d’entretiens approfondis et avec des informateurs clés, de discussions de groupe et d’examens documentaires, puis analysées thématiquement. Les résultats de l’étude ont révélé qu’au cours du développement industriel, les petits exploitants
agricoles ont été exposés à une violence structurelle et culturelle. Cela est dû au peu d’intérêt accordé à leurs droits, à leur sécurité et à la survie économique des agriculteurs qui hébergent le secteur industriel. L’évolution du développement industriel en Éthiopie, en général, et dans le district de Lume en particulier, va à l'encontre de ce que le concept de développement implique et suit une approche
excluante et destructrice en ce qui concerne le bien-être général des petits exploitants agricoles. Le développement est utilisé comme prétexte pour que l’exploitation s’oppose à ce que le développement est censé apporter économiquement aux agriculteurs, les exposant finalement à des conflits violents. Pour résoudre les problèmes de sécurité auxquels est confrontée la communauté agricole, il est
nécessaire de réexaminer la violence structurelle et culturelle enracinée dans le cours injuste du développement industriel qui viole les droits humains, économiques, civils, environnementaux et de sécurité fondamentaux des petits exploitants agricoles.

Mots-clés : développement industriel, petits exploitants agricoles, violence structurelle et culturelle, paix

Author Biographies

Fikadu Belda, Institute of Peace and Development Studies, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.

Fikadu Belda is an assistant professor of linguistics in the Department of Afaan Oromoo, Literature, and Communication and a PhD candidate in Peace and Development Studies at Haramaya University. His research interests are in peace, conflict, development, indigenous knowledge, and linguistics.

Gutema Imana Keno, Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia

Gutema Imana (PhD) is an associate professor of sociology in the Department of Sociology at Haramaya University. His research interests are in development, peace, conflict, urbanization, and gender.

Abebe Lemessa, Department of Afaan Oromoo, Literature and Communication, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia

Abebe Lemessa (PhD) is an assistant professor of social anthropology in the Department of Afaan Oromoo, Literature, and Communication at Haramaya University.

Zerihun Doda, Department of Social Protection Management, College of Finance, Economics and Development Management, Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Zerihun Doda (PhD) is an assistant professor of social anthropology and sociology in the Department of Social Protection Management at the Ethiopian Civil Service University. His research interests are in society, culture, the environment, sacred sites, indigenous knowledge, peace cultures, and sustainable development.

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Published

2025-06-09